Mirabilis, a family of fragrant flowers

Mirabilis is a family of flower shrubs that are often amazing when planted in a garden.
Each species is unique but care is often similar.

Mirabilis major facts

Name – Mirabilis species
Family – Nyctaginaceae
Type – annual or perennial

Height – 3 feet (90 cm)
Exposure – full sun
Soil – ordinary, well-drained

Flowering – June to September

Proper care for most of the species is the same. In all cases, Mirabilis tends to spread easily, so carefully check its boundaries or it will turn invasive.

Planting Mirabilis in the garden

Mirabilis plants are often sold for planting in Spring.

• Plant Mirabilis from April to May.
• Space plants by about a foot (30 cm).

Once your Mirabilis is established, it will bear seeds. It’s easy to grow Mirabilis from seed.

• Sow under cover in March to protect the seedlings from freezing.
• If you’d rather plant directly in the ground, start in May.

Exposure

Since most mirabilis species bloom in the afternoon or evening, it’s best to plant it in a spot that gets afternoon sun. This is on the western side of a house, garden bed, or hedge. The blooming will be more intense!

How to prune and trim Mirabilis flowers

Mirabilis plants don’t need any pruning. They won’t develop any woody parts and in colder climates will die back in winter.

Deadheading Mirabilis

When the blooming starts, you can trigger more blooms by removing dead or wilted flowers.

Invasive Mirabilis

Since seeds have a high rate of germination, any patch of Mirabilis will quickly start spreading after the first year.

• Simply pull out any seedlings that start sprouting where they shouldn’t.
• Again, if you remove wilted flowers, you’ll reduce the amount of seeds. This reduces risk of Mirabilis turning invasive.
• Most mirabilis species are already officially declared invasive in Hawaii.

Mirabilis in winter

Mirabilis plants aren’t frost hardy. In case of frost, airborn parts will die off. However, if the freezing is mild or if you’ve added mulch, they will certainly sprout from the tuber (roots) in spring.

• Smart tip: in fall, when they’ve died off, mark the spot where they’re growing so you don’t mistakenly dig them out when doing your early spring planting.

Different types of Mirabilis varieties

The most famous Mirabilis flower is Mirabilis jalapa, also called the four o’clock flower. It is commonly sold in garden stores for its fragrant flowers.

Interesting Mirabilis species include the following:

• Mirabilis jalapa – non-hardy species sold throughout the world. Bears wonderful flowers that open up in the evening.
• Mirabilis rotundifolia – species with round leaves, endemic (native) to Colorado in the United States. Currently threatened. Shale mulch is the perfect growing environment for this species.
• Mirabilis expansa – also called Chago or mauka. Native to the Andes, this was domesticated by the Inca civilization. It was grown for food: tuber and stems can be used for cooking.
• Mirabilis longiflora – commonly called “sweet four o’clock”. Mounding shrub up to 2 feet (60 cm) high, twice as wide. Delicious orange-blossom-like scent.
• Mirabilis multiflora – also named “wild four o’clock”. Creates astounding bushes covered in violet flowers.

All Mirabilis plants originated in the Americas.

Learn more about the Mirabilis family

Plants of the Mirabilis family are often called four o’clock flowers. This is because their blooms always tend to open in the second half of the afternoon, around 4 pm.

The sun’s heat starts to diminish, which triggers opening of the flowers. More pollinators are active at dusk thanks to the cooler temperatures.

Flowers are fragrant and release a deliciously scented odor during the entire night.