Moon Planting calendar of April

VEGETABLE PATCH : A root day under a waning crescent moon — draw a drill 1 cm deep and sow carrot seeds 2 cm apart in rows 25 cm wide; once seedlings are established, thin to 5 cm in the row. Radish can go in alongside: 1 cm deep, seeds 2 cm apart, rows 15 cm apart — they germinate in days and mark the slower carrot rows helpfully. Beetroot deserves its own patch: sow 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart, rows 30 cm — the waning moon encourages strong root development and good storage quality later in the season. If you have a sheltered bed, parsnip sown now 1 cm deep with seeds 3 cm apart will reward patience with deep, sweet roots by autumn.

LANDSCAPING : Check your olive tree if it is growing in a pot — April is the right moment to prune lightly and repot into fresh compost if the roots are circling. Chrysanthemum plants can be set out now and pinched back immediately to encourage bushy growth through summer. If you have wisteria on a south-facing wall, verify that its supports are firm before the weight of new growth builds — a loose wire now becomes a problem fast.

LANDSCAPING : Today an ascending node passes through — a moment to step back and observe rather than dig or plant. Walk your garden with fresh eyes: check the ties on your clematis and wisteria, loosening any that have tightened as stems thickened over winter. Inspect your rhododendron and camellia for spent blooms; clear fallen petals from the base to discourage fungal build-up. Lavender benefits from a light tidy around its crown — remove any winter debris caught between stems without cutting into old wood yet.

ORCHARD : A good day to tend without disturbing the soil. Check the ties on your raspberry canes and kiwi supports, adjusting where new spring growth is pressing against wire. Spread a fresh 5 cm layer of well-rotted compost around the base of your quince tree and hazel, keeping it clear of the trunk — this feeds soil life slowly and retains spring moisture as temperatures rise. Harvest any rhubarb stems that are ready, cutting cleanly at the base.

INDOORS : Keep an eye on your lemon tree if it is still under cover — good ventilation now prevents mould on the lower leaves as days warm up. Check the compost moisture with a finger: if the top 2 cm feels dry, water gently at the base. A node day is also a fine moment to sharpen your secateurs and hoe blades so they are ready for the busy weeks ahead.

LANDSCAPING : A brief root window closes early in the morning as the moon shifts into a flower day — spend the first part of the day checking ties on your clematis and wisteria before the energy shifts. Once you are into the flower period, this is a fine moment to sow sweet pea seeds 2 cm deep, spacing them 5 cm apart, in a sheltered spot or under cover; they thrive with something to climb and reward you with weeks of cutting. Sow zinnia seeds 0.5 cm deep, 3 cm apart in trays, ready to thin or plant out to 25 cm once frosts are behind you. / Cosmos can go in the same way: 0.5 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, rows 40 cm when planted out — their feathery foliage is already a pleasure before the first bloom appears.

VEGETABLE PATCH : A flower day naturally calls for the brassica family: sow cauliflower and broccoli under cover in modules, 1 cm deep with seeds 3 cm apart. Both benefit from the ascending waning crescent at this stage — germination tends to be even and vigorous. Keep modules in a bright, frost-free spot and water sparingly from below to avoid damping off. In milder gardens, nasturtium seeds can go directly into a prepared bed, 2 cm deep, 10 cm apart; they deter aphids near brassicas and the flowers are edible too.

ORCHARD : Walk among your cherry tree and plum tree today and look for any crossing branches that escaped the winter tidy — mark them rather than cut, since pruning is best saved for after harvest. Check the base of your fig tree for any frost-damaged shoots; snap them off cleanly and mulch the root zone with 5 cm of well-rotted compost to hold warmth in the soil as spring temperatures climb.

LANDSCAPING : A waning crescent moon on a flower day — the garden is quietly gathering its last reserves before the new moon arrives in a couple of days. Sow french marigold seeds 0.5 cm deep, spacing them 3 cm apart in trays; once frosts are safely past, plant out to 25 cm in the row, rows 30 cm. Sunflower seeds can go directly into a sheltered bed: 2 cm deep, 10 cm apart, thinned later to 40 cm — their upright stems will anchor a sunny border through summer.

ORCHARD : The cherry tree is beginning to open its first buds — a good moment to check the fig tree too, confirming last winter's tip growth is still supple. If you grow a kiwi, pinch back lateral shoots that have pushed beyond two or three leaves to keep the structure tidy. The grapevine benefits from a gentle check of its ties as new growth swells the canes.

INDOORS : If you have a lemon tree or oleander still sheltering indoors, move the pot to the brightest spot available and water sparingly. A light wipe of the leaves with a damp cloth removes dust and supports photosynthesis before you gradually reintroduce them to outdoor air.

VEGETABLE PATCH : A sign change passes through early this morning, shifting from a brief flower window into a leaf day for the rest of the day — a welcome boost for leafy crops. Sow spinach directly in the bed: 2 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, then thin to 8 cm once established, rows 30 cm. Rocket follows the same logic: 0.5 cm deep, seeds 2 cm apart, rows 20 cm — it germinates quickly and rewards you within weeks. Swiss chard is worth starting under cover now: 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart in trays, later planted out at 35 cm in the row, rows 40 cm. Chervil and chives can go directly into a sheltered bed — both appreciate the ascending waning crescent energy on a leaf day. A foliar spray of diluted nettle tea this afternoon will give seedlings a gentle nitrogen lift.

INDOORS : Celery seedlings started earlier in the season may be ready for their first thinning — keep the strongest plants at 2 cm apart in the tray before planting out later at 30 cm in the row, rows 40 cm. Basil trays under cover benefit from a light misting this morning; keep them warm and out of draughts. Parsley is notoriously slow to germinate — if yours is taking its time, patience is the only tool needed.

LANDSCAPING : The waning crescent is now very close to new moon — a quiet moment to tend rather than transform. Trim spent flower stems on your primrose clumps and divide any congested crowns after flowering to reinvigorate them for next spring. Check the base of your rhododendron and camellia for accumulated debris and refresh their ericaceous mulch if the layer has thinned over winter.

VEGETABLE PATCH : New Moon energy on a leaf day — a powerful combination for getting seeds into the ground. Cabbage is a strong choice right now: sow under cover 1 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart in trays or modules, then plan to plant out at 50 cm in the row, rows 60 cm once frosts are behind you. Coriander goes directly into a prepared bed: 1 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, thinned later to 15 cm, rows 30 cm — its aromatic foliage will be ready to harvest within weeks. Dill follows the same outdoor logic: 1 cm deep, seeds 2 cm apart, thinned to 20 cm, rows 30 cm. If you have a cold frame or polytunnel, tomato seeds appreciate the warmth now: 0.5 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart in modules, to be planted out at 50 cm, rows 70 cm when the weather settles. A foliar spray of diluted nettle tea over any young leafy seedlings already in the ground will give them a gentle nitrogen boost at this energetic turning point.

INDOORS : The New Moon marks a natural reset — a quiet moment to review what you have started under cover. Check trays of tomato and cabbage seedlings for moisture and ventilation; damp-off is the main risk at this stage. If you have lettuce seedlings that have germinated unevenly, thin to the strongest plants at 2 cm apart before they compete for light. Picking a few aromatic leaves from an established mint pot today is well-timed on a leaf day — they will be at their most flavourful, and regular harvesting encourages bushier, more productive growth.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Fresh dew on the soil this morning — the waxing crescent is ascending and the leaf day holds until evening, making this a rewarding window for leafy sowings. Chives thrive under cover right now: press seeds 1 cm deep, 2 cm apart in a warm module tray, to be planted out later at 15 cm in the row, rows 25 cm apart. Mint divisions can go straight into a pot or a contained bed — firm the roots in well and water gently. Celery appreciates a careful sowing under cover in a sheltered tray: 0.3 cm deep, seeds 2 cm apart, then plant out to 30 cm in the row, rows 40 cm once conditions allow. If you have a polytunnel, artichoke offsets planted now at 1 m each way will settle in quickly while the soil is warming.

INDOORS : A few drops of diluted nettle tea applied as a foliar spray will give seedlings a gentle nitrogen boost — work on a calm, dry afternoon so the leaves can absorb it fully. Check lemon tree and oleander pots: if roots are circling the base, a slightly larger container with fresh compost will do them good before warmer days arrive.

LANDSCAPING : After the sign change this evening, the day briefly turns to a fruit type — a short but real window for checking on strawberry runners or giving the fig tree a light tidy in its warm corner. Wisteria ties worth inspecting too: secure any new growth before it winds where it shouldn't.

ORCHARD : Graft marks on the bark, sap rising steadily — a waxing ascending crescent on a fruit day makes this a fine moment for fruit trees. Chip-bud or cleft grafting works well on apple tree and pear tree now; keep the union wrapped tightly and sheltered from wind. Check cherry tree and plum tree for canker wounds: clean back to healthy wood and seal carefully.

VEGETABLE PATCH : The soil is warming nicely — a rewarding window for fruiting crops under cover. Sow sweet pepper in a module tray: 0.5 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, in a warm propagator at 20–22 °C. Aubergine follows the same method: 0.5 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, then plant out later at 50 cm in the row, rows 60 cm. Courgette can go into individual pots now: 2 cm deep, one seed per 9 cm pot, to be hardened off before planting out at 80 cm, rows 100 cm. In Mediterranean climates, melon seeds can go directly under a cloche: 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart.

LANDSCAPING : Check on your fig tree — a light spring tidy pays off. Remove any frost-damaged tips back to a healthy bud and let the warm wall do the rest. Tie in new wisteria shoots to the support before they tangle.

ORCHARD : Waxing crescent on a fruit day — a reliable moment for fruit tree work. Try chip-bud or cleft grafting on quince tree and fig tree, keeping the union snugly wrapped with grafting tape and sheltered from drying winds. Inspect kiwi and grapevine for winter damage, trimming dead wood cleanly with disinfected secateurs. In a Mediterranean climate, olive tree benefits from a light shaping prune now — remove crossing branches to open the canopy.

VEGETABLE PATCH : The soil holds a pleasant warmth beneath your fingers — fruiting crops respond well today. Cucumber is a solid choice under cover: sow 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart in a module tray, to be planted out later at 60 cm in the row, rows 100 cm. Squash follows the same logic: 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart, then plant out to 100 cm in the row, rows 150 cm. If you have a warm polytunnel, bean sown 3 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart, rows 40 cm, will get a head start before outdoor conditions settle.

LANDSCAPING : Peony buds are pushing through — resist the urge to disturb them. Wisteria and clematis appreciate a balanced fertiliser now to fuel their spring surge; water it in well if the soil feels dry.

VEGETABLE PATCH : The moon shifts into a root day almost from the very start of the morning — a generous window for root vegetable sowings. Carrot deserves a row today: press seeds 1 cm deep, 2 cm apart, in rows 25 cm apart; once seedlings are sturdy, thin to 5 cm. Beetroot follows naturally alongside: sow 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart, rows 30 cm. Radish is a quick neighbour worth adding between slower crops — 1 cm deep, seeds 2 cm apart, rows 15 cm. If you have a sheltered raised bed, try a short row of parsnip: 1 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, rows 30 cm; germination is slow but worth the patience. Thin any carrot or beetroot seedlings sown earlier in the week — crowded roots fork and lose flavour.

LANDSCAPING : A waxing ascending crescent lends good energy to establishing ornamental roots and tubers. Dahlia tubers can go in now in well-worked soil: 10 cm deep, 60 cm apart each way — wait until the last frost risk has passed in colder regions, or start them in pots under cover. Gladiolus corms planted this week will stagger your flowering display; set them in a sunny spot. Lavender benefits from a top-dressing of grit around the base to sharpen drainage before summer.

ORCHARD : Before the morning sign change closes the brief fruit window, this is a fine moment to finish any grafting work started earlier in the week. Quince tree and fig tree respond well to cleft grafting while sap is rising; keep unions wrapped and out of direct wind. Check kiwi and grapevine ties — loosen any that are beginning to bite into young growth.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Roots are the stars today — a root day on the waxing crescent calls for focused work in the vegetable patch. Sow turnip in place: 1 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, rows 25 cm; thin later to 10 cm. Salsify deserves a spot in well-loosened, stone-free soil: 2 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, rows 30 cm, thinning to 10 cm. Black salsify follows the same method and rewards patience with nutty-flavoured roots by autumn. Tuck in a short row of swede too: 1 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, rows 40 cm, thinning eventually to 25 cm. Water gently after sowing to settle the soil without crusting.

LANDSCAPING : Olive tree benefits from a light shaping prune now — remove crossing or inward-growing branches to open the canopy. Chrysanthemum planted from pots will establish well before summer heat; pinch the tips once plants reach 15 cm to encourage bushy growth.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Before the evening sign change, root day conditions are at their most productive — a fine window for planting and soil work. Set potato chitted tubers 10 cm deep, 35 cm apart, in rows 70 cm wide; hill up the base lightly to encourage tuber formation underground. Garlic cloves can still go in now: 3 cm deep, tip facing up, 12 cm apart in well-drained soil. Shallot bulbs settle in beautifully at this stage — press them to soil level, 15 cm apart, rows 25 cm. If you have a corner of loose, stone-free ground, try horseradish: plant root sections about 40 cm apart and let them establish. Chinese artichoke tubers planted 10 cm deep now will reward you from November onwards. Finish with a layer of compost between rows to feed the soil gently.

LANDSCAPING : After the evening sign change, the day shifts to a flower day — a good cue to turn attention to ornamental beds. Lavender appreciates being settled into well-drained, sunny spots now; water in gently after planting. Clematis planted today will establish well with its base in shade and its crown reaching for light. Wisteria benefits from checking its support structure before the season's vigorous growth takes hold — tighten any loose ties. If your rhododendron or camellia looks tired, a permanent mulch of ericaceous compost around the base will make a real difference over the coming weeks.

ORCHARD : Raspberry canes planted 50 cm apart in well-prepared soil will knit into productive rows by summer. Currant bush and blackcurrant both appreciate a generous shovelful of compost worked in around the roots after planting — it encourages steady establishment without forcing soft, vulnerable growth.

LANDSCAPING : A flower day with the First Quarter approaching — energy is building and ornamental plantings take root with purpose. Transplant cosmos seedlings to their final spot: 30 cm apart in the row, rows 40 cm; they'll bush out quickly once established. Zinnia plug plants can go in too — 25 cm apart, rows 30 cm — they love warm soil and will reward you with months of colour. Set out chrysanthemum pot plants now, pinching the growing tips to encourage bushy growth through summer.

ORCHARD : Fruit trees are quietly waking up — a good moment to add a generous layer of compost around the base of cherry tree, plum tree, and quince tree, keeping it clear of the trunk. Divide any clumps of strawberry runners that have crept beyond their bed edges, and press the crowns back firmly to soil level 30 cm apart.

VEGETABLE PATCH : On a flower day, cauliflower and broccoli transplants are a natural fit — both produce edible flowering heads. Set out broccoli plug plants 50 cm apart, rows 60 cm; cauliflower needs a little more room, 60 cm apart, rows 70 cm. Water in with a full watering can per square metre to help roots make contact with the soil. In Mediterranean areas, artichoke offsets can go in now, 1 m apart each way, in a sunny, sheltered corner.

INDOORS : Sweet pea seedlings started under cover will benefit from a light thinning today — keep the strongest stems, 15 cm apart, and move the pots to a bright, cool windowsill to harden off before planting out next week.

VEGETABLE PATCH : A leaf day through almost the whole day — the waxing moon energy is building, and the soil feels alive underfoot. With allowed work focused on maintenance and care, this is a fine moment to weed between lettuce rows and clear any debris around artichoke plants, keeping airflow open as they push up new growth. Mulch around strawberry crowns with a thin layer of straw to keep fruit clean and retain moisture as temperatures rise. Harvest any mature lettuce heads early in the morning for the crispest texture. In heavier soils, loosen compacted ground between potato rows gently with a fork — good aeration now helps tubers develop without restriction.

LANDSCAPING : The roses are stretching visibly this week. Run your fingers along the stems and snap off any blind shoots or weak growth that won't carry flowers. Pull weeds from around lavender and peony clumps before they compete for nutrients — both appreciate a tidy, open base. A thin mulch of compost around hydrangea and rhododendron will feed the roots gently and lock in moisture through the warmer days ahead. Check clematis ties and reattach any stems that have come loose from their support.

ORCHARD : A calm moment to walk the orchard and observe. Spread a generous layer of compost around cherry tree, plum tree, and quince tree, keeping it 10 cm clear of the trunk to prevent rot. Tidy any suckers growing from the base of apple tree or pear tree — remove them cleanly at the root.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Before midday, a leaf day calls for focused care around foliage crops. Weed carefully between strawberry plants — fresh earth, a short-handled hoe, and five minutes per row make a real difference. If you have artichoke plants pushing up new growth, clear any dead leaves at the base to improve airflow and reduce slug pressure. Mulch around potato rows with a 5 cm layer of straw to retain moisture and keep soil temperature steady as the season warms. Harvest any mature mint shoots early, when leaves are still cool to the touch and fragrance is at its peak.

ORCHARD : After midday, the day shifts to a fruit day — a welcome cue to turn attention to the orchard. Check the base of apple tree, pear tree, and cherry tree trunks for any moss or lichen build-up; scrape gently with a wooden spatula and improve drainage around the root zone if the soil feels compacted. Lay a generous ring of well-rotted compost around fig tree and quince tree, keeping it 10 cm clear of the trunk — this feeds the soil life without risking collar rot.

LANDSCAPING : A descending moon encourages roots to settle, so tending established plants is where the energy goes. Trim any winter-damaged stems on lavender, cutting just above the first signs of green growth — never into old wood. Check wisteria ties on their supports and tighten any that have loosened over winter. Sharpen your secateurs and loppers while you're at it: a clean blade makes every future cut safer for the plant.

ORCHARD : Fruit day with a waxing gibbous moon — a fine moment to transplant tomato seedlings to their final positions: 50 cm between plants, rows 70 cm apart. Sweet pepper and aubergine plug plants can go in too — 40 cm apart in the row for peppers, 50 cm for aubergines — firm the soil gently around each stem and water in well. Add a generous shovelful of well-rotted compost around the base of raspberry canes and currant bushes, keeping it clear of the stems by a hand's width.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Check pea plants on their supports and remove yellowing leaves at the base to improve airflow — a damp spring encourages mildew in crowded growth. Broad bean plants at flowering height benefit from pinching out the top 5 cm of stem, which discourages blackfly and concentrates energy into pod set. Strawberry crowns lifted by late frosts should be pressed firmly back to soil level and any brown foliage cleared away.

ORCHARD : A fruit day with a waxing gibbous moon building toward full — sap is generous and roots settle in well. Plant out courgette seedlings 80 cm apart in rows 100 cm wide, and cucumbers 60 cm apart in rows 100 cm wide; water each plant in thoroughly. Lay a shovelful of well-rotted compost around your fig tree base, keeping it 10 cm clear of the trunk to feed slowly and retain moisture. Check raspberry canes and remove any weak or diseased ones at ground level.

LANDSCAPING : Roses are pushing out new growth fast — check the freshest shoots for aphid clusters and rub them off by hand before they take hold. Chrysanthemum plants from pots can go into the ground today, spaced 40 cm apart; pinch out the tips to encourage a bushy, well-branched shape come autumn.

VEGETABLE PATCH : This morning is a fruit day — a brief window before the sign change. Once the shift happens, the day turns into a root day for the rest of the afternoon, and that is where the real action lies. Carrots are first in line: prepare a fine, raked drill 1 cm deep and place young transplants 5 cm apart, rows 25 cm — or thin any established seedlings to that spacing now. Beetroot thinnings can be spaced out to 10 cm in the row, rows 30 cm, giving each root room to swell. Parsnip plants already started under cover can be eased out and settled into prepared ground, 10 cm apart, rows 30 cm. On heavier soils, fork the bed first and work in a little sharp sand to help roots grow straight. Potato rows already in the ground will benefit from a first hilling-up session — draw soil 10 cm up around the emerging stems to protect shoots from late frost and encourage tuber development.

LANDSCAPING : A root day is a fine moment to settle in dahlias and gladiolus corms before the season gets away from you. Plant dahlia tubers 10 cm deep, 60 cm apart each way, in a warm, sheltered spot. Gladiolus corms go in from now through June — tuck them in at the same depth, in a sunny bed with good drainage. If you have an olive tree in a pot, April is the right month to shape it lightly and refresh the top layer of compost.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Dew still on the leaves — a root day through and through, and the waxing gibbous moon is building toward full tomorrow. Plant potato tubers 10 cm deep, 35 cm apart in rows 70 cm wide, then draw a little soil over each one. Turnip transplants can go in at 10 cm apart, rows 25 cm; on heavier ground, loosen the bed with a fork first to let roots push down cleanly.

LANDSCAPING : A calm, focused approach suits today well. Transplant chrysanthemum plants from their pots into prepared beds, spacing them 40 cm apart; pinch the leading shoot to encourage bushy growth. Strawberry runners can be settled into the ground at soil level, 30 cm apart — firm the crown gently and water in. Lavender planted now in well-drained, sunny ground establishes quietly before summer heat; space plants around 40 cm apart and avoid burying the woody base.

ORCHARD : Lay a generous shovelful of well-rotted compost around the base of your raspberry canes and currant bushes, keeping it a hand's width clear of the stems — roots will draw on it steadily through the coming weeks.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Full Moon tonight — sap is surging and roots are drawing in nutrients fast. A fine time to plant shallot bulbs at soil level, 15 cm apart in rows 25 cm wide, pressing each one gently so the tip just peeks above the surface. Garlic cloves can go in too, 3 cm deep, tip pointing up, 12 cm apart — a classic pairing in any kitchen garden. Celeriac seedlings started under cover can be planted out now, 35 cm apart in rows 40 cm wide; they like a rich, moisture-retentive bed, so work in a good handful of compost per square metre before settling them in. On heavier ground, a light fork-over first will help those roots push down without resistance.

ORCHARD : Horseradish root sections can be planted in a sunny corner, 40 cm apart — they are vigorous once established, so choose a spot where they can spread without crowding other plants. Jerusalem artichoke tubers, if you have any left to go in, still have a narrow window: plant 10 cm deep, 50 cm apart, and they will reward you with very little fuss come autumn.

LANDSCAPING : A neighbour once told me that the Full Moon is the moment chrysanthemum plants seem to settle in most willingly — worth keeping in mind as you space them 40 cm apart in prepared beds. Pinch the leading shoot straight away to encourage a bushy habit. Olive trees in pots can be moved outside now that frosts are receding; prune lightly to shape before placing them in their sunniest spot.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Damp soil, cool morning air — before the sign change this evening, the descending moon holds a root day through most of the day, making this a strong window for working the ground and settling plants in. Plant potato tubers 10 cm deep, 35 cm apart in rows 70 cm wide; if any have already been planted, now is a good moment to hill up the ridges. Radish can be thinned to 3 cm apart in rows 15 cm wide, freeing up space for the roots to fatten. Onion sets can go in at 10 cm apart, rows 25 cm — press each one just below the surface so the neck sits at soil level. On sandy beds, work in a little compost first to help retain moisture around the roots.

ORCHARD : Check the base of fruit trees — raspberry canes and currant bushes benefit from a fresh layer of compost worked lightly into the surface around the root zone, boosting soil biology without disturbing feeding roots. Salsify and black salsify transplants can be settled in at 10 cm apart, rows 30 cm, in a well-loosened bed; their long taproots reward a deeply forked, stone-free drill.

LANDSCAPING : After the sign change this evening, the day shifts to a flower day — a good cue to prepare beds for dahlia tubers, which can be planted 10 cm deep, 60 cm apart each way once night frosts are reliably past. Chrysanthemum plants from pots can be settled into borders, 40 cm apart, with a pinch of the leading shoot to encourage branching. Lavender planted now in well-drained, sunny spots will establish well before summer heat arrives.

LANDSCAPING : A flower day runs through most of today — the waning gibbous moon is descending, making this a fine window for transplanting and dividing. Settle cosmos seedlings into prepared beds, 30 cm apart in rows 40 cm wide; pinch the leading tip to encourage branching from the base. French marigold plants can go in alongside them at 25 cm apart, rows 30 cm — their scent alone is worth the effort, and they'll draw in pollinators all summer. Zinnia transplants appreciate the same spacing as marigolds; choose a sheltered, sunny spot and firm the soil gently around each crown. On heavier ground, work in a little compost before planting to keep drainage sharp.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Cauliflower and broccoli seedlings raised under cover are ready to move out now — plant them 60 cm apart in rows 70 cm wide (cauliflower) or 50 cm apart, rows 60 cm (broccoli). Water in well after settling each plant; a small collar of soil around the stem helps anchor them against spring gusts. Artichoke offsets can go in too, spaced 1 m apart each way — they need room to spread, and the investment pays off for years.

ORCHARD : After the sign change this evening, the moon shifts to a leaf day — a quieter close to the day. Use the transition to add a layer of compost around fig trees and olive trees in pots, refreshing the surface without disturbing the roots. Check wisteria ties and adjust any that have tightened over winter growth.

VEGETABLE PATCH : A leaf day with the descending moon — good conditions for settling leafy crops into prepared beds. Transplant lettuce seedlings to 25 cm apart in rows 30 cm wide, firming gently around each crown. Swiss chard plants can go in at 35 cm apart, rows 40 cm; they'll bulk up fast once established. Rocket thinnings need spacing to 10 cm in the row, rows 20 cm — the removed seedlings go straight to the salad bowl. On heavier ground, work in a little compost first to keep drainage open.

LANDSCAPING : Trim box hedging before growth hardens — a clean pass with sharp shears keeps the shape tight and reduces blight risk in dense foliage. Hydrangea beds benefit from 5–7 cm of composted bark mulch to hold moisture through the warmer weeks ahead.

INDOORS : Basil seedlings started under cover can be thinned to 25 cm apart or potted on individually. Parsley in trays can be thinned to 10 cm, giving each plant room to develop the deep tap root that makes it so productive.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Dew still clinging to the beds this morning — a full leaf day with the descending waning gibbous moon, perfect for transplanting leafy crops. Celery seedlings raised under cover can go out now: plant them 30 cm apart in rows 40 cm wide, pressing soil firmly so the crown sits just at surface level. Spinach rows can be thinned to 8 cm apart, rows 30 cm, and watered in gently. Chives divisions settle well at 15 cm apart, rows 25 cm — add a thin layer of compost around each plant to retain moisture.

LANDSCAPING : Run your fingers along wisteria's new whippy shoots and pinch them back to five or six leaves, channelling energy into next year's flower buds. Hydrangea beds appreciate a fresh 5 cm mulch of composted bark over moist soil. Clematis can be tidied of any dead or crossing stems; rhododendron benefits from a light trim of spent flower clusters once petals drop.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Before the morning sign change, a brief leaf window — worth using to water leafy seedlings under cover and check their progress. After the change, the day shifts firmly into fruit territory: sow tomatoes under cover, 0.5 cm deep with seeds 3 cm apart in modules, and start sweet pepper and aubergine trays the same way. Courgette seeds can go in under cover too, 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart — they'll be ready to plant out once nights stay mild. Melon seeds sown now under glass, 2 cm deep, will give sturdy plants by early June.

ORCHARD : A fruit day is a good moment to look over apple tree and pear tree branches — spot any crossing wood and note it for a tidy-up once the flush of growth settles. Grapevines are pushing strongly now; pinch lateral shoots back to one leaf beyond the second flower cluster to keep energy focused on fruit set. Raspberry canes benefit from a tie-in along support wires, keeping fruiting stems upright and well-aired.

LANDSCAPING : Wisteria's new whippy stems are already reaching for any support they can find — pinch them back to five or six leaves to build next year's flowering spurs. Lavender in well-drained beds can receive a light tidy, removing winter-damaged tips before the fresh silver growth takes over.

ORCHARD : The waning gibbous moon keeps the garden in fruit-day territory — a good moment to check grapevines for uneven growth, pinching back any shoots racing ahead of their neighbours. Raspberry canes benefit from having weak or spindly shoots removed at ground level now, directing energy to the strongest. Kiwi plants appreciate a tidy pinch of lateral shoots to keep main leaders clear.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Beans are calling — direct sow at 3 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart in rows 40 cm wide; warm soil will wake them quickly. Squash seeds can go in under cover at 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart in individual pots, ready to plant out once nights stay mild. Peas sown directly at 3 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart in rows 40 cm wide, will climb fast in the spring light.

LANDSCAPING : A fruit day suits roses well — tie in any new arching stems on climbing roses before they tangle, and clear fallen debris from the base to reduce disease pressure.

ORCHARD : Before the evening sign change, the waning gibbous moon holds the day in fruit territory — a fine window to walk your orchard and harvest any ripe strawberries for the table. Check grapevines for shoots that have grown unevenly since last week and gently loosen any ties that are starting to bite into young wood. Fig trees benefit from a quick check of their ties too, and a handful of well-rotted compost spread around the base will thank you come summer. Raspberry canes can be assessed now — remove any that look weak or damaged at ground level, directing the plant's energy to the strongest three or four.

LANDSCAPING : A calm moment to assess your roses before the season accelerates — check that ties on climbing varieties are still secure and not cutting into new growth. Wisteria's young lateral shoots can be pinched back to encourage next year's flowering spurs; do this with clean fingers or sharp secateurs. Hydrangea beds benefit from a fresh layer of mulch spread 5–7 cm deep around the base, keeping surface roots cool as temperatures climb. If you have lavender in a sunny border, now is a good moment to clear any winter debris from around the crown without disturbing the roots.

INDOORS : After the evening sign change, the day shifts into root territory — a quieter end to the day suited to checking potted lemon trees and olive trees overwintering under cover. Inspect the compost for moisture and loosen the top centimetre with a small fork to improve aeration without disturbing roots. A light watering of oleander pots kept under glass will prepare them for their move outdoors once nights are reliably mild.

VEGETABLE PATCH : A root day with the Last Quarter arriving this evening — a steady, purposeful energy for the kitchen garden. Sow carrots directly in well-loosened soil, 1 cm deep with seeds 2 cm apart, in rows 25 cm wide; the cooler spring air suits their slow start. Beetroot can go in alongside: 2 cm deep, seeds 5 cm apart, rows 30 cm — firm the soil gently after sowing for good contact. Parsnip is worth a row too: 1 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, rows 30 cm; pre-moisten the drill before sowing to help these slow germinators along. If you have a patch of turnip seedlings from earlier, thin them now to 10 cm apart — the ones you pull make a tender addition to a spring soup.

VEGETABLE PATCH — UNDER COVER : Celeriac sown in trays at 0.3 cm deep with seeds 2 cm apart will have plenty of time to build strong plants before planting out. Keep the tray warm and in good light; celeriac rewards patience but resents cold feet.

LANDSCAPING : Gladiolus corms can be planted now that the soil has warmed — set them 10 cm deep, 60 cm apart each way in a sunny border, and expect a striking display by midsummer. Box hedging benefits from a careful check for early signs of box moth: a quick inspection of the inner foliage costs little and saves a great deal of trouble later.

VEGETABLE PATCH : Today the moon crosses an ascending node — a signal to step back from the beds and focus on care rather than cultivation. Sharpen your hoe and hand fork, then clear any light weeds between established rows of lettuce and potato. Lay a 5 cm mulch of straw around potato stems to conserve moisture and keep the soil cool as spring temperatures climb. Check that artichoke offsets are well settled, and loosen any ties on climbing stems that may be pinching young growth.

ORCHARD : A good moment to walk the orchard with fresh eyes. Check ties on raspberry canes, currant bushes and fig tree branches — loosen anything that has tightened over the past weeks. Harvest any strawberries that are ripe and fragrant; picking regularly encourages the plant to produce more. Spread a layer of well-rotted compost around the base of your apple tree, pear tree and quince tree, keeping it clear of the trunk, then top with a mulch to lock in that spring moisture.

LANDSCAPING : Roses are growing fast now — run your fingers along the stems and check that any ties to supports are still loose enough to allow for thickening. Wisteria and clematis benefit from the same check today. Observe your lavender and heather: if the soil around them looks compacted, a gentle surface loosening with a hand fork will improve drainage without disturbing the roots. In Mediterranean climates, olive trees can be given a light tidy of crossing or damaged shoots at this stage.

LANDSCAPING : Before the sign change this morning, root energy lingers — a good window to check ties on wisteria and clematis, loosening anything that has tightened around thickening spring stems. Spread a 5 cm mulch of bark chips around the base of rhododendron and hydrangea to keep roots cool and retain moisture as temperatures rise.

VEGETABLE PATCH : After the sign change, the day shifts into flower territory — a fine moment to sow annual flowers that will later serve the kitchen garden as companion plants. Sow nasturtium directly where they are to grow, 2 cm deep with seeds 10 cm apart; they deter aphids and their flowers are edible. Cosmos can go in too, 0.5 cm deep, seeds 3 cm apart, in rows 40 cm wide — they establish quickly in warm spring soil. Sunflowers deserve a sunny border spot: 2 cm deep, seeds 10 cm apart. In Mediterranean gardens or under a cold frame, zinnia and french marigold can join them at 0.5 cm depth.

ORCHARD : Walk the orchard and cut any strawberry flowers you want to direct into fruit set — removing early runners now channels energy into the crown. Check grapevine shoots for uneven growth and gently redirect any that are crossing. Sweet pea seedlings started under cover can be hardened off today before planting out next week.